The Spanhake Family

The Spanhake family is believed to have originated from the Hanover area of Germany. The earliest known member of the family is Harmen Spanhake. He was a soldier in the 5th Infantry Regiment of the army of Hanover. Few Personal details, such as the date of his birth or the name of his wife, are known. Harmen Spanhake died prior to 1802. For the latter part of his life he lived at Morsum, which is a small hamlet situated on the island of Sylt. This is an island in the North Friesen group off the west coast of Germany near the Danish border. It is connected to the German mainland by an artificial dam construction and more recently by a light railway.

Harmen's son, Johann Spanhake, was born in October 1772. He married on 18 Febuary 1802 in Verden, a small town near Bremen, in Germany, to Dorothea Sophia Fischer. Dorothea died in Verden on 11 January 1808 aged 29, with no surviving children.

Johann Spanhake remarried at the Church of St. Joannis [The 'Joanniskerk' of the de Waal genealogy. ED], Verden, on 19 April 1814 to Luise Dorothea Marie Knop (born 3 December 1794) the daughter of Johann Heinrich Knop and Anna Maria Helmers.
Johann and Luise Spanhake had nine children, including Johann Herman Frederick Spanhake, who was born at Hanover on 1 May 1820. At that time his father Johann Spanhake was also serving with the 5th Infantry Regiment.

Johann Herman Frederick Spanhake (later known as Fred Spanhake) is believed to have joined the army as a young man. However, little is known of him until he embarked in December 1842 on the ship 'St. Pauli', from Hamburg bound for Nelson, New Zealand. Johann arrived in Nelson with his wife Sophia Dorothea Spanhake (née Subritzky) on 14 June 1843. Their child Otto Frederick Rudolph Spanhake died in the course of the voyage on 20 January 1843.

[Editor's note: Mike Subritzky explained in 'The Subritzky Legend' '..The St Pauli weighed anchor on 26 December 1842. Once under way five wedding ceremonies took place, the couples concerned having indicated their intention to marry upon booking passage. This was done for sheer economics: once the ship was under way there was no requirement to pay marriage fees...' Little Otto was a year old at the time of the wedding, and was to die only days later, on the voyage.]

A copy of the passenger list of the St Pauli is held at the National Library in Wellington. As is well known, Frederick and Sophia Spanhake were accompanied by Sophia's mother Sophie Elizabeth Subritzky and Sophie's [sr.] three other children (Sophia Spanhake's brothers), Johann Heinrich Rudolf Subritzky (then aged 17), Wilhelm Heinrich Subritzky (then aged 14) and Johann Anton Subritzky (then aged 12). [Editor's note: Also travelling with the Subritzkys and Spanhakes were the Körbers, Sophie Subritzky's brother and his family.]

Conditions were difficult in the early Nelson settlement.[Editor's note: See Mike Subritzky's explanations of the politics of colonisation, plus a lucid description of on-going conflict between the Maori and the new settlers.] A daughter, Louisa Sophia Dorothea Spanhake, was born during 1844.

The family decided to emigrate to South Australia and left Nelson on the Palmyra on 23 August, 1945, arriving in Adelaide on 21 September 1845. [Editor's note: Also travelling on this second voyage with the Subritzkys, Spanhakes and Körbers, were the Westphal girls, who had just arrived in Nelson on the Skiold, and who were immediately sent on to Adelaide by their parents, presumably because of the disturbances taking place in Nelson. It is worth noting that the Westphal family arriving in New Zealand must have had a good knowledge of who was travelling to South Australia from Hamburg to be confident enough to ship three teenage daughters off alone. In fact, subsequent investigations show that there were Spanhakes, Westphals and Körbers arriving there at virtually the same time. As yet the specific connections are not proved.] Frederick and Dorothea Spanhake initially stayed at Klemzig, a small township near Adelaide which had been colonised by German settlers. They then moved to another settlement in the Barossa Valley, which had also been settled by German immigrants. During 1846 Frederick Spanhake enlisted as a constable in the Australian Police Force, later resigning from the force on 30 November 1848.

The couple had a second child, John William Henry Spanhake [Most names were anglicised on arrival - in Germany the name would have been 'Johann Wilhelm Heinrich' Ed:] , who was born in Adelaide on 16 September 1846. Fred Spanhake became a baker in North Adelaide after leaving the Police Force. His wife Sophia Dorothea Spanhake died in childbirth on 4 September 1849 in the Barossa Valley, aged 31.

Frederick Spanhake then moved on to the Victorian goldfields and later became the proprietor of the Union Hotel in Ballarat. He subsequently remarried twice and died on 19 March 1885 while visiting his son, John William Henry Spanhake, at Awanui [North of Kaitaia, in the far north of the North Island of New Zealand] He is buried in the Mt Camel family cemetery.

John William Henry Spanhake came to New Zealand in the 1860's and married Wilhelmina Henrietta Sophie Subritzky [The same Subritzky family the Spanhakes had started out with. Ed.] at St Matthew's Church in Auckland on 1 March 1870. He died at Mangawhau on 17 January 1921 and is buried in Mt Wesley cemetery at Dargaville. His wife Wilhelmina died on 22 November 1889 at Mangatete [Now known as Kaiangaroa. Ed.] in Northland, aged 39 and is buried in the churchyard of St. Saviour's Anglican Church in Kaitaia.

Louisa Sophia Dorothea Spanhake was married in Maldon, Victoria, on 28 May 1861 to Frederick Edward Wagener (1834-1908). Louisa died at Maldon, on 25 December 1899, aged 55. The couple had 8 children, born in Maldon between 1862 and 1886.

John and Wilhelmina Spanhake had 9 children. Three of their sons, Arnold, Frederick and Rowland Spanhake, married three sisters, Anna, Minnie and Maria Christensen at Mangonui on 4 April 1896, 14 February 1898 and 22 Mar 1902 respectively.

There are numerous descendants in New Zealand of the original Spanhake family.

Sources: - John Turner (grandson of Rowland Spanhake)
Other details as described in the 'The Subritzky Legend', by Michael Subritzky, plus current research.


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